NEET Biology Course Content (Pointers)

1. Diversity of the Living World

• Characteristics of living organisms and biodiversity

• Biological classification: Five-kingdom system

• Salient features of plant and animal kingdoms

• Basics of taxonomy

2. Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants

• Morphology of flowering plants: root, stem, leaf, flower, inflorescence

• Plant anatomy: tissue systems, primary & secondary growth

• Animal anatomy: tissues, organs, and organ systems

3. Cell Structure and Function

• Cell as structural and functional unit

• Organelles: nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, ER, Golgi

• Cell division: mitosis and meiosis

4. Plant Physiology

• Transport in plants: water, minerals, phloem

• Photosynthesis: light & dark reactions

• Respiration: glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport

• Plant growth regulators: auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA

5. Human Physiology

• Digestive system: structure, enzymes, absorption

• Respiratory system: mechanism & gas exchange

• Circulatory system: heart, blood vessels, blood components

• Excretory system: nephron function, urine formation

• Nervous system: brain, spinal cord, reflexes

• Endocrine system: hormones & functions

• Reproductive system: male & female organs, gametogenesis, fertilization

• Muscular system: types & mechanism of contraction

6. Genetics and Evolution

• Mendelian genetics: monohybrid & dihybrid crosses

• Molecular basis of inheritance: DNA, RNA, replication, transcription, translation

• Human genetics: disorders, karyotypes, pedigrees

• Evolution: origin of life, speciation, natural selection

7. Reproduction

• Asexual & sexual reproduction, vegetative propagation

• Human reproduction: menstrual cycle, pregnancy, fertilization, lactation

• Reproductive health: birth control, STDs

8. Ecology and Environment

• Ecosystem: structure, function, energy flow, food chains/webs

• Biodiversity & conservation: threats, hotspots, strategies

• Environmental issues: pollution, climate change, sustainable development

9. Biotechnology and Its Applications

• Genetic engineering: cloning, GMOs, gene therapy

• Microbes in biotechnology: fermentation, industrial applications

• Biotech techniques: PCR, gel electrophoresis, DNA fingerprinting