Module 1: Introduction to Databases & SQL

Topics

• What is Data?

• Database vs File System

• What is DBMS & RDBMS?

• Database Architecture

• Tables, Rows & Columns

• Primary Key & Foreign Key concepts

• What is SQL?

• Types of SQL Commands (DDL, DML, DQL, DCL, TCL)

Practical

✔ Create your first database
✔ Explore sample datasets

Module 2: Database Design & Data Types

Topics

• Database Normalization

• ER Model Basics

• Data Types in SQL

  • INT, FLOAT, DECIMAL, CHAR, VARCHAR, DATE, etc.

• Creating Tables

• Inserting Data

Practical

✔ Design Sales database schema

Module 3: DDL – Data Definition Language

Topics

• CREATE TABLE

• ALTER TABLE

• DROP TABLE

• TRUNCATE TABLE

• RENAME TABLE

• Adding & removing columns

Practical

✔ Modify database structures

Module 4: DML – Data Manipulation Language

Topics

• INSERT records

• UPDATE records

• DELETE records

• Handling NULL values

Practical

✔ Maintain employee records

Module 5: DQL – Data Query Language

Topics

• SELECT statement

• WHERE clause

• ORDER BY

• DISTINCT

• LIMIT / TOP

• BETWEEN, IN, LIKE

• GROUP BY

• HAVING

Practical

✔ Retrieve business reports

Module 6: SQL Joins

Topics

• INNER JOIN

• LEFT JOIN

• RIGHT JOIN

• FULL JOIN

• CROSS JOIN

• SELF JOIN

Practical

✔ Combine customer & sales data

Module 7: SQL Functions

Topics

• Aggregate Functions

  • SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX

• Scalar Functions

  • UPPER, LOWER, LENGTH, ROUND, CONCAT

• Date & Time Functions

Practical

✔ Generate financial summaries

Module 8: Subqueries & CTE

Topics

• Single-row Subqueries

• Multi-row Subqueries

• Correlated Subqueries

• Common Table Expressions (WITH)

Practical

✔ Solve complex analytical queries

Module 9: Constraints & Keys

Topics

• PRIMARY KEY

• FOREIGN KEY

• UNIQUE

• NOT NULL

• CHECK

• DEFAULT

Practical

✔ Enforce data integrity

Module 10: Views, Indexes & Stored Procedures

Topics

• Creating & using Views

• Indexes for performance

• Stored Procedures

• Basic Triggers

Practical

✔ Create optimized reporting systems

Module 11: Advanced SQL for Analytics

Topics

• CASE Statements

• Window Functions

  • ROW_NUMBER, RANK, DENSE_RANK

  • LEAD, LAG

• Analytical Queries

• Pivot & Unpivot concepts

Practical

✔ Advanced business analytics queries

Module 12: Performance Optimization & Best Practices

Topics

• Query optimization techniques

• Execution plans

• Index tuning

• Best practices for large datasets

Module 13: Real-World Case Studies & Projects

Projects

• Retail Sales Analysis

• HR Analytics Database

• Banking Customer Analysis

• E-commerce Business Intelligence System