Python

Introduction to Python

• History and features

• Setting up environment (Anaconda, Jupyter, or plain Python)

• Running Python scripts and REPL

Data Types and Variables

• Numbers, strings, booleans

• Lists, tuples, dictionaries, sets

• Type conversion and type checking

Control Flow

• Conditional statements (if, else, elif)

• Loops (for, while)

Functions and Modules

• Defining and calling functions

• Function parameters and return values

• Importing modules and using built-in libraries

Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

• Classes and objects

• Attributes and methods

• Inheritance and polymorphism basics

Collections

• List comprehensions

• Dictionary comprehensions

• Using collections module (Counter, defaultdict, namedtuple)

Exception Handling

• try, except, else, finally blocks

• Raising exceptions

• Custom exception classes

Database Connectivity

• Connecting Python to databases (MySQL / SQLite / Oracle)

• Using libraries like mysql-connector-python or sqlite3

• Basic CRUD operations with Python and SQL