Class 12 Biology deals with the advanced concepts of life sciences, focusing on reproduction, genetics, evolution, biotechnology, human health, and ecology. The course helps students understand how life processes work at the molecular, organismal, and environmental levels. It is essential for students preparing for medical, paramedical, and life science careers.

Unit 1: Reproduction

• Reproduction in Organisms

• Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants

• Human Reproduction

• Reproductive Health

Unit 2: Genetics and Evolution

• Principles of Inheritance and Variation

• Molecular Basis of Inheritance

• Evolution

Unit 3: Biology and Human Welfare

• Human Health and Disease

• Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

• Microbes in Human Welfare

Unit 4: Biotechnology

• Biotechnology: Principles and Processes

• Biotechnology and Its Applications

Unit 5: Ecology and Environment

• Organisms and Populations

• Ecosystem

• Biodiversity and Conservation

• Environmental Issues

Practical Work

• Experiments related to genetics and molecular biology

• Study of plant and animal specimens

• Slide preparation and spotting

• Practical record and viva voce

Assessment Pattern

• Theory Examination

• Practical Examination

• Internal Assessment (tests, projects, assignments)

Learning Outcomes

After completing this course, students will:

• Understand genetic inheritance and molecular biology

• Gain knowledge applicable to medical and biotechnology fields

• Develop analytical and scientific reasoning skills

• Become aware of health, environmental, and social issues