Accounts - CA Rinku Sharma

Module 1: Introduction to Accounting

This module sets the foundation for understanding the purpose and importance of accounting in business.

Topics Covered:

• Role of accounting in business

• Users of accounting information

• Types of organizations

• Accounting principles & concepts

• Accrual vs. cash basis accounting

• Difference between book-keeping and accounting

Module 2: The Accounting Cycle

A & AS Level Accounts requires a deep understanding of recording financial transactions. This module builds that precision.

Topics:

• Source documents

• Ledger accounts

• Double-entry system

• Trial balance

• Suspense accounts

• Capital and revenue expenditure

• Depreciation methods (Straight-line, Reducing balance)

Module 3: Financial Statements Preparation

This is one of the most scoring yet challenging sections of the exam. This module simplifies the preparation of various financial statements.

Topics:

• Income Statement (Profit & Loss Account)

• Statement of Financial Position (Balance Sheet)

• Adjustments: accruals, prepayments, depreciation, bad debts

• Provision for doubtful debts

• Inventory valuation (FIFO, AVCO)

• Correction of errors

Module 4: Accounting for Sole Traders

A crucial part of AS Level Accounting, covering how small businesses maintain accounts.

Topics:

• Trading and profit & loss accounts

• Capital and drawings

• Inventory adjustments

• Opening and closing entries

• Single vs double entry systems

Module 5: Partnership Accounts

Partnership accounting is a core A Level topic and requires conceptual clarity.

Topics:

• Partnership deed

• Capital and current accounts

• Profit-sharing ratios

• Interest on capital

• Goodwill valuation

• Admission, retirement, and dissolution

• Revaluation of assets and liabilities

Module 6: Company Accounts

This module introduces students to corporate-level accounting.

Topics:

• Share capital

• Issue of shares & debentures

• Premium & discount

• Dividends

• Retained earnings

• Financial statements of limited companies

• Horizontal & vertical analysis

The tutor uses real-world examples from corporate annual reports for better understanding.

Module 7: Inventory, Costing & Budgeting

Understanding costs is vital for both accounts and future management studies.

Topics:

• Material, labor, and overhead costing

• Absorption vs marginal costing

• Budget preparation

• Cash budget

• Variance analysis

• Cost classification

Students learn how cost accounting supports business planning.

Module 8: Financial Analysis & Interpretation

Students are trained to analyze financial performance using accounting ratios and real financial data.

Topics:

• Liquidity ratios

• Profitability ratios

• Gearing ratios

• Efficiency ratios

• Trend analysis

• Interpreting business performance

Practice questions from Cambridge papers help students improve analytical skills.

Module 9: Non-Profit Organization Accounting

Students learn accounts preparation for NGOs, clubs, and societies.

Topics:

• Receipts & payments account

• Income & expenditure account

• Subscriptions

• Special funds

• Accounting for fixed assets

Module 10: Advanced Accounting Concepts (A Level)

These topics build higher-level accounting thinking.

Topics:

• Investment appraisal

• Capital budgeting

• Accounting for manufacturing organizations

• Overhead distribution

• Job & batch costing

• Process costing